{"id":7159,"date":"2022-02-04T16:27:30","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T16:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/happychildren.life\/?p=7159"},"modified":"2022-02-21T14:27:55","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T14:27:55","slug":"11-saveta-za-efikasno-nagradivanje-i-kaznjavanje-dece","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/happychildren.life\/sr\/11-saveta-za-efikasno-nagradivanje-i-kaznjavanje-dece\/","title":{"rendered":"Ka\u017enjavanje dece ili pravljenje posledica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sigurni smo da ste upoznati sa efektima ka\u017enjavanja za lo\u0161e pona\u0161anje i nagra\u0111ivanja za dobro pona\u0161anje. No, verujem da mnogi od vas ne znaju da se ovaj metod u\u010denja zove instrumentalno uslovljavanje, o \u010demu tako\u0111e mo\u017eete \u010ditati na ovom sajtu. Kako god, ka\u017enjavanje, odnosno uslovljavanje dece nije uvek dobro za njih. Iz tog razloga, mnogi stru\u010dnjaci isti\u010du da odrasli ne treba da koriste ovu metodu u vaspitanju dece. \u0160tavi\u0161e, termin “ka\u017enjavanje dece” je poprimilo potpuno negativnu konotaciju i u stru\u010dnoj pedago\u0161koj literaturi sve vi\u0161e ga zamenjuje termin “pravljenje posledica”, koji zapravo predstavlja neko smisaono, pozitivno ka\u017enjavanje. S obzirom da tekst koji sledi sadr\u017ei savete za efikasno ali pravedno i smisleno ka\u017enjavanje dece, u njemu su termini “ka\u017enjavanje” i “pravljenje posledica” upotrebljeni kao sinonimi. To poistove\u0107ivanje termina proizilazi i iz na\u0161e svesti da mnogi roditelji nisu upoznati sa drugim terminom, dok je prvi poznat svima. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svakako, bilo da govorimo o uslovljavanju, pravljenju posledica ili ka\u017enjavanju, sve ove metode mogu biti pogubne za de\u010dji socio-emotivni razvoj ukoliko ih odrasli ne sprovode u skladu sa de\u010djim karakteristikama i situacijom. Zato je va\u017eno da ih roditelji koriste oprezno, sa razumevanjem deteta i situacije, uz po\u0161tovanje de\u010dje li\u010dnosti i de\u010djih prava. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Pre ka\u017enjavanja, roditelji moraju uzeti u obzir pona\u0161anje deteta i sopstvenu reakciju na njega! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Roditelji treba da razmisle \u0161ta nije u redu sa pona\u0161anjem deteta, za\u0161to se dete tako pona\u0161a, pre nego \u0161to nagrade ili kazne dete. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoga deca se lo\u0161e pona\u0161aju samo zato \u0161to znaju da \u0107e tako privu\u0107i pa\u017enju. Ako se detetu posve\u0107uje pa\u017enja svaki put kada se lo\u0161e pona\u0161a, ono \u0107e nau\u010diti da svojim lo\u0161im pona\u0161anjem mo\u017ee dobiti pa\u017enju kada mu je potrebna. U tom slu\u010daju, za dete treba osmiswliti druga\u010dije posledice u odnosu na dete koje, na primer, la\u017ee da bi za\u0161titilo mla\u0111u sestru. U stvari, va\u017eno je razmotriti sve na\u010dine na\u0161eg delovanja i njihove posledice. Na primer, ako va\u0161e dete provodi previ\u0161e vremena igraju\u0107i igrice, onda mu zabrana odlaska na piknik sa prijateljima ne\u0107e biti efikasna kao zabrana igranja igrica. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Deca treba da razumeju kaznu kao brigu o njima! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Deca treba da shvate da ih roditelji ka\u017enjavaju samo iz dobre namere. Obra\u0107aju\u0107i pa\u017enju na ose\u0107anja dece, roditelji pokazuju da im je zaista stalo do njih. Time se uspostavlja kvalitetan odnos izme\u0111u roditelja i dece koji je neophodan za efikasno kori\u0161\u0107enje kazni, ali i nagrada. Prihvataju\u0107i zahteve, deca \u0107e biti veoma ponosna i sre\u0107na kada ih roditelji pohvale za neku dobru akciju. U isto vreme, to \u0107e ih podsta\u0107i da se i dalje dobro pona\u0161aju. Vremenom \u0107e se spolja\u0161nja kontrola internalizovati, odnosno usvojiti iznutra, tako da \u0107e deca ose\u0107ati zadovoljstvo svojim postupcima i bez ikakvih komplimenata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Izbegavajte fizi\u010dko ka\u017enjavanje dece! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017enjavanje dece vikom i udaranjem nije neophodno da bi im se dalo do znanja da ne\u0161to nisu uradila kako treba. Zapravo, fizi\u010dko ka\u017enjavanje dece mo\u017ee biti efikasno na po\u010detku, pod uslovom da je dosledno, ali ono \u0107e kasnije doneti lo\u0161e posledice. Tako\u0111e, \u010dak i ako postoji mogu\u0107nost da dete popravi pona\u0161anje kako ne bi dobilo batine, ono \u0107e tako po\u010deti da do\u017eivljava nasilje kao sasvim ispravno re\u0161enje problema. Zato je va\u017eno da odrasli izbegavaju ovaj vid ka\u017enjavanja jer on svakako nije jedini na\u010din da se kod deteta suzbije lo\u0161e pona\u0161anje. Umesto fizi\u010dkog ka\u017enjavanja, ponekada je dovoljno ne obra\u0107ati preveliku pa\u017enju na dete kada se pona\u0161a lo\u0161e, ve\u0107 samo kada je dobro. Takav na\u010din postupanja je posebno prikladan za mla\u0111u decu koja \u010desto poku\u0161avaju da privuku pa\u017enju roditelja lo\u0161im pona\u0161anjem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Ka\u017enjavanje dece treba biti u skladu sa de\u010djim uzrastom, sposobnostima i osobinama! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pustite decu da izraze ose\u0107anja i potrebe. Nepovoljno je ako se deci brani da izraze sopstveno mi\u0161ljenje i ako roditelji ne pokazuju saose\u0107anje i razumevanje prema njima. Roditelji ne mogu spre\u010diti da deca ponekada budu ljuta, razo\u010darana, osvetoljubiva ili besna. \u010cak i ako roditelji kazne dete za neko pona\u0161anje, ne uzimaju\u0107i u obzir njegovu emociju, dete \u0107e tu emociju do\u017eiveti kao zabranjenu. Zbog de\u010djeg te\u0161kog kontrolisanja emocija, strah i konfuzija se kod deteta mogu javiti slede\u0107i put kada se ponovi isto ose\u0107anje. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Posledice treba da budu pravedne!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u010cak i vrlo mala deca imaju ose\u0107aj za pravdu, pa prestrogu kaznu do\u017eivljavaju kao nepravdu. Takva kazna ih zbunjuje i \u010dini ogor\u010denima, pa im ne\u0107e pomo\u0107i da razumeju svoje gre\u0161ke, ve\u0107 \u0107e takvu kaznu shvatiti kao gre\u0161ku roditelja. Obi\u010dno, zbog prestrogih kazni, deca postanu prkosna. Kao rezultat toga, kad god ih roditelji ne vide, pona\u0161a\u0107e se lo\u0161e. Uz preveliku kaznu, roditelji ne u\u010de decu ni\u010demu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Ka\u017enjavanje dece zbog ljutnje, lo\u0161eg raspolo\u017eenja ili stresa je pogre\u0161no! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tako\u0111e, pogre\u0161no je ka\u017enjavati dete ako je uradilo ne\u0161to nenamerno, na primer, ako je razbilo \u010diniju od stola dok je tr\u010dalo. Roditelji se obi\u010dno pravdaju \u010dinjenicom da je ka\u017enjavanje dece u tim slu\u010dajevima preventivna mera, da samo \u017eele da nau\u010de svoju decu da ne ponavljaju iste gre\u0161ke. Ali, upravo to je problem. Dete, ako slu\u010dajno ne\u0161to razbije, ne\u0107e dobiti samo prekor, ve\u0107 \u0107e se i upla\u0161iti pre nego \u0161to roditelji vide razbijeni predmet. Osim toga, ako bi roditelj prekr\u0161io istu stvar, niko ga ne bi kaznio. Dakle, u takvim slu\u010dajevima, klinac opravdano smatra kaznu nepravdom, a nepravda prema detetu od strane roditelja svakako nije po\u017eeljna za sveukupni de\u010dji razvoj. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Ako deca zaslu\u017euju da osete posledice svog pona\u0161anja, onda treba da ih osete odmah! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ako se kazne odla\u017eu, dete \u0107e zaboraviti da je pogre\u0161ilo. Tada odlo\u017eene kazne postaju preterane i nepravedne za dete i gube efekat. Ovo posebno va\u017ei za decu mla\u0111eg uzrasta koja brzo zaborave da su pogre\u0161ila. Zato vam savetujemo, ako va\u0161e dete ispolji nedoli\u010dno pona\u0161anje uve\u010de, zabranite mu da gleda televiziju odmah, a ne sutra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Va\u017ena je doslednost! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ako jednom detetu ne\u0161to zabranite, a sutra mu to dozvolite, dete \u0107e se zbuniti. Tako\u0111e, dete \u0107e biti zbunjeno ako mama ka\u017ee ne, a tata da. Va\u017eno je i da pravilo \u010dije se po\u0161tovanje zahteva od deteta odnosi i na odrasle i ostalu decu. Zato, ako dete slu\u010dajno razbije \u0161olju, nemojte ga ka\u017enjavati ako ni vi ne biste bili ka\u017enjeni u istoj situaciji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u0161to je doslednost va\u017ena? Na taj na\u010din jasno pokazujemo detetu \u0161ta mora, a \u0161ta ne. Kreiramo jasna pravila i postavljamo ograni\u010denja za oboje, za dete i za nas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

9. Ne preterujte sa ka\u017enjavanjem! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Neprekidno nagra\u0111ivanje nekoga manje je efikasno od samo povremenih nagrada. Ovo se odnosi i na ka\u017enjavanje lo\u0161eg pona\u0161anja. Stalna indikacija lo\u0161eg pona\u0161anja ne\u0107e ga zaustaviti. Naprotiv, to kod dece izaziva tvrdoglavost i naru\u0161ava samopouzdanje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Budite strpljivi!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Da biste ispravili pona\u0161anje deteta, potrebno vam je vreme. Pozitivno \u0107emo uticati na pona\u0161anje deteta samo direktnom i trenutnom podr\u0161kom, ali ne treba da o\u010dajavamo ako dete ponovi isto pona\u0161anje. Ponekad je potrebno detetu iznova pokazati da njegovo pona\u0161anje nije adekvatno. Koliko vremena je potrebno zavisi od de\u010djih osobina, zrelosti i stila afektivne vezanosti<\/a>. Dakle, budite strpljivi! Re\u0161ite problem po problem, i sigurno \u0107ete dobiti \u017eeljene rezultate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Deca treba da razumeju posledice svog pona\u0161anja! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Uvek objasnite svom detetu posledice dobrog i lo\u0161eg pona\u0161anja, odnosno za\u0161to ih nagra\u0111ujete ili ka\u017enjavate. Mi ne menjamo pona\u0161anje deteta, dete ga menja! Zato deca moraju da znaju svoje prednosti i gre\u0161ke ako \u017eelimo da ih isprave. Svrha toga je da nau\u010dite dete da donosi ispravne odluke bez prinude da vas saslu\u0161a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Koristite li metodu ka\u017enjavanja u vaspitanju dece?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da li smatrate da termin “ka\u017enjavanje dece” treba da ima samo negativnu konotaciju i da, kao takav, treba biti potpuno izdvojen od termina “pravljenje posledica”?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imate li jo\u0161 neki savet na ovu temu? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podelite svoje komentare sa nama, a mo\u017eete i potra\u017eiti na\u0161u pomo\u0107 <\/a>ako imate nekih problema u vaspitanju i nezi dece.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sigurni smo da ste upoznati sa efektima ka\u017enjavanja za lo\u0161e pona\u0161anje i nagra\u0111ivanja za dobro pona\u0161anje. No, verujem da mnogi od vas ne znaju da se ovaj metod u\u010denja zove instrumentalno uslovljavanje, o \u010demu tako\u0111e mo\u017eete \u010ditati na ovom sajtu. Kako god, ka\u017enjavanje, odnosno uslovljavanje dece nije uvek dobro za njih. Iz tog razloga, mnogi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7163,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false},"categories":[284,290,288,292],"tags":[363,364,362],"yoast_head":"\nKa\u017enjavanje dece ili pravljenje posledica - The Children's Happiness Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nagra\u0111ivanje i ka\u017enjavanje dece nije uvek dobro za njih. 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